http://www.medicalvideos.eu http://www.medicalvideos.eu/images/plaery-logo.png http://www.medicalvideos.eu Health information and free medical videos admin http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=96536db05764ae7 Bimanual Pelvic Exam Of A Female
Bimanual pelvic exam of a female, using two fingers inside the vagina and one hand on the outside of the abdomen. Rating 0/10
Views 69277
Duration 02:41

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]]> Medical Examination http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=96536db05764ae7 2009-08-26 05:27:08 Bimanual Pelvic Exam Of A Female gyno, pelvic, vagina, examination, female, bimanual abdomen admin admin http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=e1dd78b659e8109 Pelvic Exam Video
Routine pelvic exams are important for good reproductive health. A woman should have her first GYN exam when she first thinks about becoming sexually active, when she becomes sexually active or when she turns 18. rnrnAt the gynecologist, you will have a short general physical exam, including a breast exam. You will wear a hospital gown and nothing else. For the actual pelvic examination, you will lie down on an examination table with your feet resting in elevated “stirrups” (props that support your legs in the air). Stirrups might look a little scary, but they are there to keep you comfortable. Your legs will be spread apart, with your knees falling to each side so that your vagina is exposed. You may feel uncomfortable, but relax and realize that everyone goes through this.rnrnWhat typically happens during your first pelvic exam:rnrnExternal ExamrnThe practitioner will visually examine your vulva for discoloration, irritation, swelling and other abnormalities, and will gently feel for glands.rnrnInternal ExamrnThere are two parts to the internal exam. The first involves a speculum, a metal or plastic instrument that the practitioner inserts into the vagina. The speculum is shaped like a duck’s bill, and once it is inserted into the vaginal canal, it is gently widened to spread the interior vaginal walls (this is not painful). As the vaginal walls are spread, the practitioner is able to see the walls of the vagina itself, and up the vaginal canal to the cervix. When viewing the vaginal canal and the cervix, the practitioner can look for discoloration, abnormal discharge, lesions, growths and signs of infection. It is possible for you to look at your own cervix during this process by propping yourself up on your elbows and using a mirror. Some practitioners ask if you would like to do this, but feel free to ask to if she doesn’t mention it first. rnrnrnrnrnPap SmearrnNext the practitioner will take a pap smear. She/he uses a long-stemmed cotton swab to collect a sample of cells in the cervix. Some women feel a slight cramping sensation when their cervix is touched. The collected cells are smeared onto a slide and sent to a lab for testing and examination. The pap smear is extremely important for spotting abnormalities in the cervix which may indicate infection or disease. rnrnSTD TestingrnIf you are sexually active, the practitioner will test for STDs. The gynecologist will swab the inside of the cervix with a long cotton swab. The speculum is then taken out of the vagina. The samples are sent to a laboratory for various STD testing. The tests will probably take a couple days. Ask when your results will be available so you can call. If you want to be tested for HIV, syphilis, genital herpes or hepatitis you need to have blood taken. They can do that as well, but you will need to ask since it is not usually routine.rnrnManual ExamrnThe second part of the pelvic exam is called the manual or bi-manual exam. The practitioner will insert one or two fingers into your vagina and press with her/his other hand on the outside of your lower abdomen. They will use a lubricant on their fingers so it is more comfortable. The person can then feel the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries, and check for any swelling or tenderness. Once the doctor is finished checking your uterus and ovaries, the exam is complete. The entire pelvic exam (the parts involving your vagina, cervix, uterus, and ovaries) takes 3 to 5 minutes to complete.rnrnBreast ExamrnFinally, the doctor will give you a breast exam by pressing with his or her fingers on different parts of your breasts. This is necessary to find “normal” lumps (which are quite common and harmless), cysts, or, in very rare cases, breast cancer. Although breast cancer is very unusual in teenage girls, it’s important to learn breast self-exams, since this can help you detect problems later. The doctor will explain exactly how and when to do breast self-exams and answer any questions you have.rnrnBefore You Have Your First Pelvic ExamrnBefore your appointment, be ready with some information about your family medical history. Among the most common questions are:rn• When did your last period start?rn• At what age did you start menstruating?rn• How long does your period usually last?rnrnThese question are an important part of your GYN history and may help you to get pregnant in the future if and when that time comes.rnrnThe pelvic exam should not hurt and if it does, let the practitioner know. If it is stressful or uncomfortable, try to relax with some deep breaths. As with any other medical procedure, if you become tense, the exam becomes more difficult. If you are informed ahead of time about what the exam involves, there is no reason to be nervous. She or he will most likely tell you what they are doing when they are doing it. Make sure they know if this is your first pelvic exam.rnrnKeep in mind, you do NOT have to be 18 in order to receive a pelvic exam. You may also see a gynecologist without parental consent.rnrnAsk Your GynecologistrnThere are many female gynecologists, nurse practitioners and physician’s assistants today if you prefer a woman to provide you with GYN health care. It’s usually easy to find one in the United States and Canada. Of course, many women still use male health care providers or gynecologists for their GYN exams. Whomever you choose, it’s essential that you be comfortable and honest with her/him, and confident that you will receive quality, attentive care. If you are not satisfied with someone you have seen, find someone else. Rating 0/10
Views 38955
Duration 08:08

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]]> ObGyn http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=e1dd78b659e8109 2009-08-25 05:03:54 Pelvic Exam Video pelvic exam video, health, woman, sexually, gynecologist, vagina admin Nina http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=f6cc27886191fe1 Pelvic Examination
Routine pelvic exams are important for good reproductive health. A woman should have her first GYN exam when she first thinks about becoming sexually active, when she becomes sexually active or when she turns 18. rnrnAt the gynecologist, you will have a short general physical exam, including a breast exam. You will wear a hospital gown and nothing else. For the actual pelvic examination, you will lie down on an examination table with your feet resting in elevated “stirrups” (props that support your legs in the air). Stirrups might look a little scary, but they are there to keep you comfortable. Your legs will be spread apart, with your knees falling to each side so that your vagina is exposed. You may feel uncomfortable, but relax and realize that everyone goes through this.rnrnExternal ExamrnThe practitioner will visually examine your vulva for discoloration, irritation, swelling and other abnormalities, and will gently feel for glands.rnrnInternal ExamrnThere are two parts to the internal exam. The first involves a speculum, a metal or plastic instrument that the practitioner inserts into the vagina. The speculum is shaped like a duck’s bill, and once it is inserted into the vaginal canal, it is gently widened to spread the interior vaginal walls (this is not painful). As the vaginal walls are spread, the practitioner is able to see the walls of the vagina itself, and up the vaginal canal to the cervix. When viewing the vaginal canal and the cervix, the practitioner can look for discoloration, abnormal discharge, lesions, growths and signs of infection. It is possible for you to look at your own cervix during this process by propping yourself up on your elbows and using a mirror. Some practitioners ask if you would like to do this, but feel free to ask to if she doesn’t mention it first.rnrnPap SmearrnNext the practitioner will take a pap smear. She/he uses a long-stemmed cotton swab to collect a sample of cells in the cervix. Some women feel a slight cramping sensation when their cervix is touched. The collected cells are smeared onto a slide and sent to a lab for testing and examination. The pap smear is extremely important for spotting abnormalities in the cervix which may indicate infection or disease. rnrnSTD TestingrnIf you are sexually active, the practitioner will test for STDs. The gynecologist will swab the inside of the cervix with a long cotton swab. The speculum is then taken out of the vagina. The samples are sent to a laboratory for various STD testing. The tests will probably take a couple days. Ask when your results will be available so you can call. If you want to be tested for HIV, syphilis, genital herpes or hepatitis you need to have blood taken. They can do that as well, but you will need to ask since it is not usually routine.rnrnManual ExamrnThe second part of the pelvic exam is called the manual or bi-manual exam. The practitioner will insert one or two fingers into your vagina and press with her/his other hand on the outside of your lower abdomen. They will use a lubricant on their fingers so it is more comfortable. The person can then feel the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries, and check for any swelling or tenderness. Once the doctor is finished checking your uterus and ovaries, the exam is complete. The entire pelvic exam (the parts involving your vagina, cervix, uterus, and ovaries) takes 3 to 5 minutes to complete. Rating 0/10
Views 37699
Duration 12:29

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]]> ObGyn http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=f6cc27886191fe1 2010-02-02 05:45:52 Pelvic Examination pelvic exam, GYN, sexually, health , gynecologist, stirrups, vulva, vagina, speculum , cervix , vaginal , pap smear, STD, temear, STD test, genitst , genital, uterus, pelvic, pelvic examination Nina admin http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=6a06345915af44a Obtaining Pap Smear
The Papanicolaou test (also called Pap smear, Pap test, cervical smear, or smear test) is a screening test used in gynecology to detect premalignant and malignant (cancerous) processes in the ectocervix. Significant changes can be treated, thus preventing cervical cancer. The test was invented by and named after the prominent Greek doctor Georgios Papanikolaou. An anal Pap smear is an adaptation of the procedure to screen and detect anal cancers.rnrnIn taking a Pap smear, a tool is used to gather cells from the outer opening of the cervix (Latin for “neck”) of the uterus and the endocervix. The cells are examined under a microscope to look for abnormalities. The test aims to detect potentially pre-cancerous changes (called cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cervical dysplasia), which are usually caused by sexually transmitted human papillomaviruses (HPVs). The test remains an effective, widely used method for early detection of pre-cancer and cervical cancer. The test may also detect infections and abnormalities in the endocervix and endometrium.rnrnIt is generally recommended that females who have had sex seek regular Pap smear testing. Guidelines on frequency vary, from annually to every five years. If results are abnormal, and depending on the nature of the abnormality, the test may need to be repeated in three to twelve months. If the abnormality requires closer scrutiny, the patient may be referred for detailed inspection of the cervix by colposcopy. The patient may also be referred for HPV DNA testing, which can serve as an adjunct to Pap testing. Rating 0/10
Views 36050
Duration 01:09

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]]> ObGyn http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=6a06345915af44a 2009-08-28 08:30:15 Obtaining Pap Smear obtaining pap smear, cervical , gynecology, premalignant , malignant , ectocervix cancer, pap smear admin admin http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=dfd643f26cc2b3a Natural Childbirth Video Film Clip
Natural childbirth video film clip shows the day you are waiting so patiently for. The birthing mother feels the stirrings she wondered about since the first realization of what has to come. These stirrings, the powerful movement of muscles and the new beath pattern accompanying them come from deep inside. Childbirth is what her body is created for, the moment she fulfills her purpose. A woman in childbirth shows her strength, courage, love for her child. rnIn the natural childbirth video film clip the mother’s body manifests a wonderful strength that is meant for the purpose of birth. As her body opens up , she surrenders to what comes to pass with the birth of her child. Childbirth requires much from the mother, and when she is willing to give with love, it rewards her much more. rnrnAs any woman, you might have thought “I have never given birth before.” Yet, this is far from the truth. our bodies have hundreds of thousands of years of history in it that will allow us to give birth with joy and ease. rnrnWatch the natural childbirth clip to see how the woman surrenders to the opening of her body. Her body knows what to do and she lets it be. She does not let her mind interfere. She gives in to the emotions of birth, remaining open. As the waves of contractions come, she triumphs over them, one by one, and at the same time surrenders to them. rnrnIn this natural childbirth video film clip, the birthing mother is surrounded by love and trust, which protect her. This is the day she will cherish forever. rn Rating 0/10
Views 34754
Duration 09:37

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]]> ObGyn http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=dfd643f26cc2b3a 2009-09-10 03:20:38 Natural Childbirth Video Film Clip natural , childbirth video, film , clip , mother , baby admin Jack http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=8f2f1e2586710e3 Gynecological Exam Video
Female pelvic exam with manual and speculum examination. Rating 0/10
Views 30818
Duration 02:17

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]]> ObGyn http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=8f2f1e2586710e3 2010-02-19 07:42:06 Gynecological Exam Video vagina, vaginal, finger, female , pelvic exam, speculum examination Jack Jack http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=5196941b0992a99 Abortion Video
Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo, resulting in or caused by its death. An abortion can occur spontaneously due to complications during pregnancy or can be induced, in humans and other species. In the context of human pregnancies, an abortion induced to preserve the health of the gravida (pregnant female) is termed a therapeutic abortion, while an abortion induced for any other reason is termed an elective abortion. The term abortion most commonly refers to the induced abortion of a human pregnancy, while spontaneous abortions are usually termed miscarriages. Abortion has a long history and has been induced by various methods including herbal abortifacients, the use of sharpened tools, physical trauma and other traditional methods. Contemporary medicine utilizes medications and surgical procedures to induce abortion. The legality, prevalence, and cultural views on abortion vary substantially around the world. In many parts of the world there is prominent and divisive public controversy over the ethical and legal issues of abortion. Abortion and abortion-related issues feature prominently in the national politics in many nations, often involving the opposing “pro-life” and “pro-choice” worldwide social movements. Incidence of abortion has declined worldwide, as access to family planning education and contraceptive services has increased. Abortion incidence in the United States declined 8from 1996 to 2003. Rating 0/10
Views 26954
Duration 17:30

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]]> ObGyn http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=5196941b0992a99 2010-04-04 02:09:13 Abortion Video abortion video, abortion, pregnancy, uterus Jack admin http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=4ba44f135cc410b Recto-Vaginal Examination
The rectovaginal examination (RVE) is taught as a routine part of the pelvic examination and is credited by physical diagnosis textbooks as providing better evaluation of the posterior portion of the pelvis and the rectovaginal septum than the bimanual examination alone.It is performed by simultaneously inserting the index finger into the vagina and the middle finger into the rectum.This type of examination may be uncomfortable to patients. The value of the RVE as part of the periodic health examination for screening purposes has not been established. As with many commonly performed physical examination procedures in asymptomatic patients which have been found to be unproductive, the RVE may be low yield as well as uncomfortable. rnrnThe only study of the value of the RVE was done in patients under general anesthesia, comparing the examination findings to the surgical findings. The sensitivity of the RVE for detecting cul-de-sac disease in that study was very low despite the controlled setting of the operating room, suggesting it has limited capacity as a screening test. Although the RVE has not been studied as a screening test in asymptomatic outpatients, a study of the more commonly performed bimanual examination revealed that it is of questionable value as a screening strategy. Even if there is no benefit from the RVE for detecting cul-de-sac disease, there could theoretically be potential benefit from the concomitant digital rectal examination (DRE). However, there is evidence that DRE is not useful in women under the age of 40 during a routine pelvic examination. (8) For patients over the age of 50, in whom fecal occult blood testing is desired as a means of colorectal cancer screening, test cards prepared at home by patients on three consecutive days is preferred over samples obtained by digital rectal examination. rnrnAlthough the minimal data available indicates that the RVE is unlikely to be valuable in asymptomatic women, it continues to be taught as a standard part of the physical examination. It is suspected that some physicians do not perform the RVE routinely. It is unknown if the use of this part of the examination varies by specialty or gender. We conducted a study to explore physician attitudes and practice patterns regarding the RVE. rnrnMaterials and Methods rnrnThis study was a cross-sectional survey of internal medicine and obstetrics/gynecology (OB/GYN) physicians at a university hospital to determine the reported routine use of the RVE, attitudes toward it, and potential variations by specialty or gender. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board for the Protection of Human Research Subjects. The survey was mailed to the workplace mailboxes of all residents and faculty in general internal medicine and OB/GYN (25) at a university hospital. They were asked the four questions which are seen in the Table. If the answer to the fourth question indicated that they do not perform the RVE routinely, they answered an additional question to explain why they do not. The survey results were analyzed by contingency table chi squared and logistic regression with the help of a statistician using JMP software (JMP is a registered trademark of the SAS Institute, Cary, NC). rnrnResults rnrnFifty-seven percent of the 104 mailed surveys were returned (56% internal medicine and 60% OB/GYN). Overall, 34% of physicians surveyed reported routinely performing the RVE (question number 4 in the Table). There was a significant difference in reported performance rates between specialties with OB/GYN physicians being more likely to report performing the examination (60%) than internal medicine (27%) (P = 0.02). While 80% of OB/GYN physicians indicated that the RVE adds additional information to the routine pelvic examination, only 44% of internal medicine physicians responded affirmatively (P = 0.01). More respondents indicated that the RVE adds additional information to the routine pelvic examination (53%) than agreed with its routine inclusion (42%) or that reported routinely performing it (34%). (P = 0.0001) There were no statistically significant differences between the specialties in regard to past education and belief that the RVE should be part of the routine pelvic examination. (See Table) In addition, gender was not found to be significantly associated with any of the answers to survey questions (data not shown). rnrnThe final question inquired why physicians did not perform the RVE on a routine basis. This question was only asked of those physicians who indicated they do not routinely perform the examination. Of the physicians answering this question, 55% indicated failure to perform the examination based on patient discomfort; while 32% indicated that rectovaginal examinations provide no useful information. Another stated reason for omitting the RVE was the fact that occult blood could be checked with a rectal examination, implying that occult blood testing was the main benefit gained by doing the RVE. Some respondents wrote in what they felt to be indications for rectovaginal examination, which included patients over 50, a retroverted uterus, postmenopausal, women over 40, pelvic pain, endometriosis, bleeding of unknown source, dyspareunia, postpartum, and assessments for rectocele. rnrnDiscussion rnrnOnly 34% of all physicians surveyed reported routinely performing the RVE. Lack of efficacy was cited as a major reason for failure to perform the examination. Apparently, the RVE is not performed routinely, even by physicians who believe it provides valuable information, as more physicians indicated that it provides additional information than indicated routinely performing it. One reason may be the perception of patient discomfort, as more than half of the respondents who do not perform it cited that as a reason. There is no study documenting patient discomfort with the RVE, but there is data that many women find the pelvic examination in general to be uncomfortable, (10,11) and the authors have anecdotally noted complaints from patients about the RVE. Many survey participants wrote in what they consider to be indications for doing the RVE. The variability of these responses indicates that there is a lack of uniformity regarding the performance of the rectovaginal examination. rnrnOur study reveals that more OB/GYN than internal medicine physicians believe that the RVE adds additional information to the routine pelvic examination. This is not surprising, since pelvic examinations and women’s health plays a relatively smaller role in the practice of internal medicine. OB/GYN physicians may have personally found abnormalities on the RVE which may cause them to believe it is valuable. This interpretation could be subject to selection bias, as their patient population is different from that of internists, who are primarily doing screening examinations on patients with no known gynecologic abnormalities. Due to such potential bias, it is important to note that anecdotal evidence by OB/GYN physicians regarding the value of the RVE does not in itself justify it as a screening test in asymptomatic women. Rating 0/10
Views 23694
Duration 02:10

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]]> Medical Examination http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=4ba44f135cc410b 2009-08-30 01:54:39 Recto-Vaginal Examination rectovaginal examination, RVE, pelvic, pelvis, bimanual, obstetrics gynecology admin Kelly http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=b6e5399251c5c63 Enema
An enema (plural enemata or enemas) is the procedure of introducing liquids into the rectum and colon via the anus. The increasing volume of the liquid causes rapid expansion of the lower intestinal tract resulting in very uncomfortable bloating, cramping, powerful peristalsis, a feeling of extreme urgency and complete evacuation of the lower intestinal tract. Enemas can be carried out for medical reasons (as a treatment for constipation) as a remedy for encopresis, as part of alternative health therapies, for administering drugs either recreationally (such as amphetamines, certain psychedelic drugs, opioids, etc.) or medically, and also for erotic purposes, particularly to prepare for anal sex, and as part of BDSM activities. Rating 0/10
Views 22245
Duration 08:19

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]]> General Procedures http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=b6e5399251c5c63 2009-10-16 14:57:46 Enema enema, rectum, amphetamines , certain, psychedelic, drugs, opioids, etc Kelly admin http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=67c8d40568d2433 Pelvic Exam During Labor
Pelvic examinations during labor are used for several purposes, among them assessment of cervical dilatation, effacement, station of the presenting part, presentation, position, and pelvic capacity.Instruction in these techniques is particularly important for those health care providers involved in labor management, including physicians, nurses, midwives, paramedics and EMT personnel. Rating 0/10
Views 18441
Duration 00:29

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]]> ObGyn http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=67c8d40568d2433 2009-08-26 05:20:21 Pelvic Exam During Labor pelvic exam, labor, childbirth, delivery, vagina, nurses, cervical, dilatation admin admin http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=1d720ad38f4559e Bimanual Examination
Part of a full pelvic (or gyn) examination where the health care professional inserts two fingers into the vagina and uses the other hand on the abdomen to be able to feel the internal pelvic organs, mainly the uterus and ovaries. Ideally, this is followed with a rectovaginal exam, for more complete information about the organs in the area. Rating 0/10
Views 18112
Duration 02:09

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]]> Medical Examination http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=1d720ad38f4559e 2009-08-27 03:26:57 Bimanual Examination bimanual examination, rectovaginal, abdomen, pelvic, pelvic exam admin DrNadia http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=e2ac930c3dc9e50 Female Circumcision
Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital cutting (FGC), female circumcision or female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), is any procedure involving the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs “whether for cultural, religious or other non-therapeutic reasons.”[1] The term is almost exclusively used to describe traditional or religious procedures on a minor, which requires the parents’ consent because of the age of the girl.rnrnWhen the procedure is performed on and with the consent of an adult it is generally called clitoridectomy, or it may be part of labiaplasty or vaginoplasty. It also generally does not refer to procedures used in gender reassignment surgery, and the genital modification of intersexuals.rnrnFGC is practiced throughout the world, with the practice concentrated most heavily in Asia and Africa. Opposition is motivated by concerns regarding the consent (or lack thereof, in most cases) of the patient, and subsequently the safety and long-term consequences of the procedures. In the past several decades, there have been many concentrated efforts by the World Health Organization (WHO) to end the practice of FGC. The United Nations has also declared February 6 as “International Day Against Female Genital Mutilation”. Rating 0/10
Views 16591
Duration 01:09

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]]> Health Information http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=e2ac930c3dc9e50 2009-11-03 02:42:21 Female Circumcision female circumcision, FGM , genital , mutilation DrNadia admin http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=e4d46922d6e6291 Transvaginal Repair of Rectocele
Transvaginal Repair of Rectocele Rating 0/10
Views 15722
Duration 05:55

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]]> Surgeries http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=e4d46922d6e6291 2009-11-27 12:39:29 Transvaginal Repair of Rectocele transvaginal repair, rectocele, vaginal admin Tamanna http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=16e0b1a8c66b4a8 Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery
A spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) occurs when a pregnant woman goes into labor with or without use of drugs or techniques to induce labor, and delivers her baby in the normal manner, without forceps, vacuum extraction, or a cesarean section.rnrnAssisted vaginal delivery (AVD) occurs when a pregnant woman goes into labor with or without the use of drugs or techniques to induce labor, and requires the use of special instruments such as forceps or a vacuum extractor to deliver her baby vaginally. Rating 0/10
Views 15284
Duration 01:34

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]]> ObGyn http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=16e0b1a8c66b4a8 2009-10-17 15:22:06 Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery video, showing , completely, spontaneous vaginal delivery, childbirth Tamanna admin http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=62fa4fd8a8a3129 Dilatation and Curettage (Part 1 )
Dilation (dilatation) and curettage literally refers to the dilation (opening) of the cervix and surgical removal of the contents of the uterus. It is a therapeutic gynecological procedure as well as a rarely used method of first trimester abortion.It is commonly referred to as a D&C.rnrnD&C normally refers to a procedure involving a curette, also called sharp curettage. However, some sources use the term D&C to refer more generally to any procedure that involves the processes of dilation and removal of uterine contents, which includes the more common suction curettage procedures of manual and electric vacuum aspiration.rnrnThe first step in a D&C is to dilate the cervix, usually done a few hours before the surgery. The woman is usually put under general anesthesia before the procedure begins. A curette, a metal rod with a handle on one end and a sharp loop on the other, is inserted into the uterus through the dilated cervix. The curette is used to gently scrape the lining of the uterus and remove the tissue in the uterus. This tissue is examined for completeness (in the case of abortion or miscarriage treatment) or pathologically for abnormalities (in the case of treatment for abnormal bleeding).rnrnD&Cs are commonly performed to resolve abnormal uterine bleeding (too much, too often or too heavy a menstrual flow); to remove the excess uterine lining in women who have conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (which cause a prolonged buildup of tissue with no natural period to remove it);[citation needed] to remove tissue in the uterus that may be causing abnormal vaginal bleeding,[1] including postpartum retained placenta;[citation needed] to remove retained tissue (also known as retained POC or retained products of conception) in the case of a missed or incomplete miscarriage;and as a method of abortion that is now uncommon.rnrnBecause medical and non-invasive methods of abortion now exist, and because D&C requires heavy sedation or general anesthesia and has higher risks of complication, the procedure has been declining as a method of abortion. The World Health Organization recommends D&C as a method of surgical abortion only when manual vacuum aspiration is unavailable. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, D&C only accounted for 2.4% of abortions in the United States in the year 2002,[5] down from 23.4% in 1972.rnrnOne risk of sharp curettage is uterine perforation. Although normally no treatment is required for uterine perforation, a laparoscopy may be done to verify that bleeding has stopped on its own. Infection of the uterus or fallopian tubes is also a possible complication, especially if the woman has an untreated sexually transmitted infection.rnrnAnother risk is intrauterine adhesions, or Asherman’s syndrome. One study found that in women who had one or two sharp curettage procedures for miscarriage, 14-16% developed some adhesions. Women who underwent three sharp curettage procedures for miscarriage had a 32% risk of developing adhesions. The risk of Asherman’s syndrome was found to be 30.9% in women who had D&C following a missed miscarriage , and 25% in those who had a D&C 1-4 weeks postpartum. Untreated Asherman’s syndrome, especially if severe, also increases the risk of complications in future pregnancies, such as ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, and abnormal placentation (eg.placenta previa). According to recent case reports, use of vacuum aspiration can also lead to intrauterine adhesions. Rating 0/10
Views 14902
Duration 09:58

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]]> ObGyn http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=62fa4fd8a8a3129 2009-08-30 01:56:57 Dilatation and Curettage (Part 1 ) dilatation, curettage, cervix, surgical gynecological, surgery, abortion admin Tamanna http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=0dad1bb7c94191a Vaginal Hysterectomy
Vaginal Hysterectomy utilizing the PlasmaSeal Open Forceps presented by Kristi Keil, MD. Rating 0/10
Views 14770
Duration 09:06

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]]> ObGyn http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=0dad1bb7c94191a 2009-10-17 15:40:20 Vaginal Hysterectomy vaginal hysterectomy, utilizing, Plasma Seal, forceps, Kristi Keil, MD Tamanna admin http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=5321c447e810807 Water Birth
Water birth is a method of giving birth, which involves immersion in warm water. Proponents believe that this method is safe and provides many benefits for both mother and infant, including pain relief and a less traumatic birth experience for the baby. However, critics argue that the procedure introduces unnecessary risks to the infant such as infection and water inhalation.rnrnDuring the 1960s, Soviet researcher Igor Charkovsky undertook considerable research into the safety and possible benefits of water birth in the Soviet Union. In the late 1960s, French obstetrician Frederick Leboyer developed the practice of immersing newly-born infants in warm water to help ease the transition from the womb to the outside world, and to mitigate the effects of any possible birth trauma.rnrnAnother French obstetrician, Michel Odent, took Leboyer’s work further, using the warm-water birth pool for pain relief for the mother, and as a way to normalize the birth process. When some women refused to get out of the water to finish giving birth, Odent started researching the possible benefits for the baby of being born under water, as well as the potential problems in such births. By the late 1990s, thousands of women had given birth at Odent’s birthing center at Pithiviers, and the notion of water birth had spread to many other Western countries.rnrnWater birth first came to the United States through couples giving birth at home, but soon was introduced into the medical environment of hospitals and free-standing birth centers by midwives and obstetricians. In 1991, Monadnock Community Hospital[1] in Peterborough, New Hampshire became the first USA hospital to create a protocol for giving birth in water. More than three-quarters of all National Health Service hospitals in the UK provide this option for laboring women.rnrnThe benefits of water birth and its history among some primitive peoples have been advanced as evidence in support of the aquatic ape hypothesis[2].rnrnConsiderable research has been undertaken into the safety of water birth. Two of the most prolific researchers have been Michel Odent and the American obstetrician Michael Rosenthal. Dianne Garland, a midwife in the UK, has focused on gathering research through the National Health Service system, and has published a book called, Waterbirth: An Attitude to Care. In the US, Barbara Harper, a nurse and childbirth educator, has explored waterbirth throughout the world, and chronicled the history and current use of waterbirth in dozens of countries in her book, Gentle Birth Choices. Harper has compiled an extensive bibliography of research on the subject, which can be seen at the website for Waterbirth International. [3]rnrnChildbirth can be a strenuous experience for the baby. Properly heated water[4] helps to ease the transition from the birth canal to the outside world because the warm liquid resembles the familiar intra-uterine environment, and softens light, colors and noises.rnrnHarper reports that water birth is an effective form of pain management during labor and delivery (Harper 2000). Water birth is a form of hydrotherapy which, in studies, has been shown to be an effective form of pain management for a variety of conditions especially lower back pain (a common complaint of women in labor)[5]. In an appraisal of 17 randomized trials, two controlled studies, 12 cohort studies, and two case reports, it was concluded that there was a definite “benefit from hydrotherapy in pain, function, self-efficacy and affect, joint mobility, strength, and balance, particularly among older adults, subjects with rheumatic conditions and chronic low back pain,” (Geytenbeek 2002). When compared with conventional pain management techniques for labor and delivery (e.g. anesthesia and narcotics), hydrotherapy is also possibly a safer alternative. In studies, epidural anesthesia (EDA) is correlated with an increased rate of instrumental (e.g. forceps in childbirth) delivery rates and also cesarean section rates (Ros et al. 2007). Full immersion in water promotes physiological responses in the mother that reduce pain including a redistribution of blood volume, which stimulates the release of oxytocin and vasopressin (Katz 1990), the latter which also increases oxytocin blood levels (Odent 1998). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews[6] has found that “the statistically significant reduction in maternal perception of pain and in the rate of epidural analgesia suggest that water immersion during the first stage of labour is beneficial for some women. No evidence was found that this benefit was associated with poorer outcomes for babies or longer labours.” It has also been found that in waterbirths the buoyancy of the mother and the baby allow for a gravitational pull. This pull not only opens up the mother’s pelvis but also allows the baby to descend more easily. [7][8]rnrnWater birth is believed to aid stretching of the perineum and decrease the risk of skin tears. Support from the water slows crowning of the infant’s head and offers perineal support[9], which decreases the risk of tearing and reduces the use of episiotomy, a surgical procedure which can cause a number of complications. Indeed, there is a zero episiotomy rate in the waterbirth literature (Harper 2000). Moreover, “perineal trauma is reported to be generally less severe, with more intact perineums for multips, but in some literature about the same frequency of tears for primips in or out of the water,” (Harper 2000; also see Burn 1993 and Garland 1997).rnrnA large-scale study of waterbirth in the UK (1994-1996) showed a decrease in perinatal mortality (1.2 per 1,000 for waterbirth vs. 4 per 1,000 for conventional birth during the same period) (Harper 2000; Gilbert 1999; London: Office for National Statistics 2005). While of the 150,000 recorded waterbirths worldwide between 1985 and 1999 problems comparable to non-water births did arise, “there are no valid reports of infants deaths due to water aspiration or inhalation”[10].rnrnA review of the literature on water birth suggests that any controversy in the medical community stems from OBGYN and pre-natal care providers who generally support water birth, on the one hand, and pediatric specialists who criticize water birth, on the other (see Schuman 2006). While this is by no means a universal divide, it appears to correlate with the “do no harm” credo. The American Academy of Pediatrics 2005 statement on water birth explains that because to date there is no adequate randomized controlled study to demonstrate any benefit to the newborn (only concern over possible complications), when parents are informed about water birth, risks (rather than benefits) should be stressed (Schuman 2006). However, on the other hand, studies have shown that laboring in water does offer significant benefits to the mother (as cited above). While as of 2006 the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists had not taken an official position on water birth (Schuman 2006), the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the Royal College of Midwives explicitly support, “Immersion in water during labour and birth,” (Royal College of Midwives 2006). Studies that are critical of water birth generally object to or cite evidence from “poorly managed” or un-monitored water birth by inexperienced care providers[11].rnrnAnother concern is that the water could increase the risk of infection. [12] In a randomized controlled trial of the effects of water labor in Canada, no difference was noted in the low rates of maternal and newborn signs of infection in women with ruptured membranes[13]. Due to the rigorous protocols for cleaning birthing tubs between labors (especially in hospitals), there is little (if any) risk of transferring bacteria from infant to mother or mother to infant. In a 1999 study of bacterial cultures carried out at the Oregon Health Sciences University Hospital, there were no instances of bacteria cultured from the birth pool itself. While Pseudomonas bacteria (common in tap water) were present, even those infants that tested positive for the bacteria needed no treatment for infections[14].rnrnDue to the documented relaxing effects of water[citation needed], laboring in water is sometimes associated with a decrease in the intensity of contractions, and is thus thought to slow labor. While home birth experts (e.g. Harper, RN) argue that this must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, some hospitals have adopted a “5 centimeter” rule, allowing women to enter the tub only once the cervix has already expanded to 5 centimeters (Harper 2000).rnrnFor care providers who are inexperienced in delivery in water, it may be difficult to assess the amount of maternal blood loss. While well-developed methods of determining maternal blood loss in water do exist[10], many providers prefer to deliver the placenta “on land” for this reason (e.g. the University of Michigan hospital).rnrnOn the other hand, some doctors and midwives see that waterbirths have actually been known to reduce the amount of blood loss. The water surrounding the mother actually lowers the mother’s blood pressure and heart rate. Mothers still lose significant amount of blood through the passing of the placenta[15].rnrnWater birth is accepted and practised in many parts of the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, as well as many European countries, including the United Kingdom and Germany, where many[specify] maternity clinics have birthing tubs. Many[specify] independent birthing centers and many home birth midwives offer water birth services. At present, water birth is often practised by those who choose to have a home birth, because the majority of hospitals have not yet installed proper birth pools in their maternity wards. In 2006, Waterbirth International listed more than 300 U.S. hospitals that offered such facilities. At least two such hospitals were listed in the 2006 U.S. News and World Report “Honor Roll” of best U.S. hospitals: Barnes-Jewish Hospital in St. Louis, Missouri and the University of Michigan hospital in Ann Arbor, MI.rnrnDavid Attenborough has linked the claimed benefits of water birth to the aquatic ape hypothesis[16]. This hypothesis is controversial but suggests that proto-humans had a more aquatic existence. The proponents of the theory point to several anatomical differences between humans and apes. In particular, babies have much more subcutaneous fat than apes[17]. The fat appears in the thirtieth week of pregnancy and continues increasing for the first year after birth. As well the insulation for a baby while its mother is in water, the additional buoyancy has been noted as another benefit of fat[18]. Babies float unaided. Vernix caseosa has also been cited as further evidence, as the only other species in which it has been observed are marine mammals.rnrn Rating 0/10
Views 14480
Duration 04:57

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]]> ObGyn http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=5321c447e810807 2009-08-26 05:47:08 Water Birth water birth, vaginal birth, childbirth, baby, birth injury lawyers los angeles admin Jack http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=61f27618fc00918 Vagina Exam
Interesting tv program that ran on live public television about the female genitals. Also watched this in high school sex ed class. Rating 0/10
Views 14404
Duration 02:05

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]]> ObGyn http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=61f27618fc00918 2009-11-19 06:13:31 Vagina Exam vagina exam, clitoris, labia, vulva exam , genital , school , learn , teacher , student , gynocology , gynocologist Jack Nina http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=9e01c6d21158b08 Home Birth
Another great video of a well supported home birth. Rating 0/10
Views 14012
Duration 04:21

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]]> ObGyn http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=9e01c6d21158b08 2009-10-23 12:26:59 Home Birth homebirth, home birth, delivery, vaginal Nina admin http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=87253392da81fbd Cosmetic Vaginal Surgery
Cosmetic Labiaplasty (labia reduction surgery and beautification) involves surgically reducing and/or reshaping the female external genital structures. There are multiple reasons more and more women are requesting this procedure. They want to alleviate discomfort caused by large and/or thick labia, which often interfere with biking, working out, wearing tight fitting clothes. Or many women want to enhance or improve appearance of “butterfly” or asymmetrical labia. Feeling good about how you look often builds self-confidence and self-esteem.rnrnDuring your labiaplasty consultation, your doctor will explain how long the labia reduction surgery will take, the amount of time and care necessary for a full labiaplasty recovery, and exactly when after surgery it would be safe to resume sexual intercourse.rnrnVaginoplasty (rejuvenation of the vagina) involves “tightening” and rebuilding of the vaginal muscles and the perineum. Childbirth, (especially multiple), aging, and genetic factors often cause the vaginal muscles to loosen, tear, and weaken. The diameter of the vagina gets bigger and there is a loss of feeling (and pleasure). Vaginoplasty returns the vagina to “pre-pregnancy” state and recreates sexual excitement and pleasure for the woman (and the man)! Some doctors use a laser for vaginoplasty and or labiaplasty surgery. You may hear varaitions of terms such as: labiaplasty or laser labiaplasty or vaginal rejuvenation and vaginoplasty or laser vaginoplasty or vaginal tightening. The difference is that some doctors are trained to use the laser for cosmetic vaginal surgery and reconstructive vaginal surgery and some use a scalpel.rnrnChoosing the right labiaplasty doctor:rnrnrnLabiaplasty (Labia Reduction Surgery) & Vaginoplasty (Vaginal Tightening Surgery) procedures have increased in popularity recently and many surgeons perform this procedure. Experience, specialized advanced training, and accreditation are key factors to consider when choosing a surgeon. Also, make sure you look at examples of their work. Please be aware, as with any surgery, there are risks and possible complications. Only your doctor can fully explain and answer questions you may have regarding the surgical details involved with Labiaplasty and Vaginoplasty. Rating 0/10
Views 13798
Duration 02:46

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]]> ObGyn http://www.medicalvideos.eu/watch_video.php?v=87253392da81fbd 2009-08-29 05:14:16 Cosmetic Vaginal Surgery cosmetic vaginal surgery, labiaplasty, genital, labia, vaginoplasty, childbirth, sexual, cosmetic, vaginal surgery admin